The image of the city, Kevin Lynch, 1960

about Kevin Lynch

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_A._Lynch

Review by UCSB

http://www.csiss.org/classics/content/62

Short film

http://youtu.be/iuWPCNIj_rA

I: The Image of the Environment

Legibility
Building the image
Structure and Identity
Imageability

II: Three Cities

Boston
Jersey City
Los Angeles
Common Themes

III: The City Image and Its Elements

Paths
Edges
Districts
Nodes
Landmarks
Element Interrelations
The Shifting Image
Image Quality

IV: City Form

Designing the Paths
Design of Other Elements
From Qualities
The Sense of the Whole
Metropolitan Form
The Process of Design

V: A New Scale

Appendices

A: Some References to Orientation

Types of Reference Systems
Formation of the Image
The Role of Form
Disadvantages of Imageability

B: The Use of the Method

The Method as the Basis for Design
Directions for Future Research

C: Two Examples of Analysis

Beacon Hill
Scollay Square

Bibliography

Lewis Mumford, 1895-1990

Mumford, The Culture of Cities, 1938

The City in History: Its Origins, Its Transformations, and Its Prospects, 1961

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_City_in_History

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Mumford

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Mumford#Urban_civilization

In his influential book The City in History, which won the National Book Award, Mumford explores the development of urban civilizations. Harshly critical of urban sprawl, Mumford argues that the structure of modern cities is partially responsible for many social problems seen in western society. While pessimistic in tone, Mumford argues that urban planning should emphasize an organic relationship between people and their living spaces.

Mumford uses the example of the medieval city as the basis for the “ideal city,” and claims that the modern city is too close to the Roman city (the sprawling megalopolis) which ended in collapse; if the modern city carries on in the same vein, Mumford argues, then it will meet the same fate as the Roman city.

Mumford wrote critically of urban culture believing the city is “a product of earth … a fact of nature … man’s method of expression.”^[6] Further Mumford recognized the crises facing urban culture, distrusting of the growing finance industry, political structures, fearful that a local community culture was not being fostered by these institutions. Mumford feared “metropolitan finance,” urbanisation, politics, and alienation.

“The physical design of cities and their economic functions are secondary to their relationship to the natural environment and to the spiritual values of human community.”

Exploiting Familiar Strangers: creating a community content distribution network by co-located individuals,Jamie Lawrence and Terry Payne, FOAF Workshop, September 2004

http://jamie.ideasasylum.com/research/publications/position_paper.html
http://jamie.ideasasylum.com/research/publications/
http://jamie.ideasasylum.com/research/publications/Lawrence2004.pdf

Celebrating the Third Place: Inspiring Stories About the “Great Good Places” at the Heart of Our Communities, Ray Oldenburg, 2002

http://www.amazon.com/Celebrating-Third-Place-Inspiring-Communities/dp/1569246122/ref=pd_sim_b_1

From Publishers Weekly

Sociologist Oldenburg (The Great, Good Place) offers a compilation of essays on those places in America “where everybody knows your name.” What Oldenburg calls “the third place” is different from home and work (the first and second places respectively) it’s somewhere people can relax in good company on a regular basis. In this collection of 19 essays, proprietors and patrons of those third places describe how their establishments came into being and what exactly gives them their appeal. These third places aren’t just diners and coffeehouses: there are establishments as disparate as Annie’s Gift and Garden Shop, in Amherst, Mass., whose witty and provocative billboards provide a jumping-off point for conversation within the community, and Old St. George, an espresso bar located within a church’s sacristy in Cleveland, Ohio. There’s also the “great good gym” and, perhaps most surprising, an essay claiming prison to be the third place for many disadvantaged in American society. These charming and often thought-provoking essays, each written in a voice distinct as the place discussed, provide food for thought into the isolation our modern conveniences bring and people’s need to come together as a community. This book will strike a comforting chord for those questioning the status quo and desiring to live a more authentic and connected way of life.

Product Description

Nationwide, more and more entrepreneurs are committing themselves to creating and running “third places,” also known as “great good places.” In his landmark work, The Great Good Place, Ray Oldenburg identified, portrayed, and promoted those third places. Now, more than ten years after the original publication of that book, the time has come to celebrate the many third places that dot the American landscape and foster civic life. With 20 black-and-white photographs, Celebrating the Third Place brings together fifteen firsthand accounts by proprietors of third places, as well as appreciations by fans who have made spending time at these hangouts a regular part of their lives. Among the establishments profiled are a shopping center in Seattle, a three-hundred-year-old tavern in Washington, D.C., a garden shop in Amherst, Massachusetts, a coffeehouse in Raleigh, North Carolina, a bookstore in Traverse City, Michigan, and a restaurant in San Francisco.

‘7000 Oaks’ 1982-87, Joseph Beuys

[gview file=”http://research.norifujimura.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/7000Oaks_Timeline.ppt”]

[gview file=”http://research.norifujimura.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/7000Oaks_Timeline.pptx”]

7000Oaks_Timeline

7000 Oaks

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7000_Oaks

Joseph Beuys

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Beuys

Social Sculpture

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_sculpture

In 1973, Beuys wrote:

“Only on condition of a radical widening of definitions will it be possible for art and activities related to art [to] provide evidence that art is now the only evolutionary-revolutionary power. Only art is capable of dismantling the repressive effects of a senile social system that continues to totter along the deathline: to dismantle in order to build ‘A SOCIAL ORGANISM AS A WORK OF ART’… EVERY HUMAN BEING IS AN ARTIST who – from his state of freedom – the position of freedom that he experiences at first-hand – learns to determine the other positions of the TOTAL ART WORK OF THE FUTURE SOCIAL ORDER.” ^[1]

^{*^ Beuys statement dated 1973, first published in English in Caroline Tisdall: Art into Society, Society into Art (ICA, London, 1974), p.48. Capitals in original.}

加藤文俊、慶応SFC

http://www.fklab.net/

http://www.keio-up.co.jp/kup/camp/index.html

加藤文俊研究室の作品は、人びとのコミュニケーション過程を理解するとともに、関係性を可視化する方法を検討します。｜慶應SFC XD展 2011

http://sakainaoki.blogspot.com/2011/04/sfc-xd-2011.html

Sentient City, Mark Shepard(ed), 2011

Definition of Sentient City by Mark Shepard

“dataclouds of 21st century urban space” that shape the experience of those in it.

Book

Introduction: Mark Shepard
Toward the sentient city: Mark Shepard
Systems, Objectified: Hadas Steiner

Case Studies

New Interaction Partners for environmental governance:

Amphibious Architecture:

David Benjamin and Soo-in Yang (The Living) and Natalie Jaremijenko (xDesign Environmental Health Clinic)

Structuring Participation for an Energy Commons

Natural Fuse:

Usman Haque, Nitipak ‘Dot’ Samsen, Ai Hasegawa (Haque Design+Research)

Urban Digestive Systems

Trash Track:

MIT SENSEable City Lab

An International Failure for the Near Future

Too Smart City:

David Jimison and JooYoun Paek

Situating Knowledge Work in Contemporary Public Spaces

Breakout!: Escape from the Office:

Anthony Townsend, Antonina Simeti, Dana Spiegal, Laura Forlano, and Tony Bacigalupo

Essays

The Action is the Form: Keller Eastering
Interaction Anxieties: Omar Kahn
New Spatial Intelligence, or the Tree allowed to grow freely, but to man’s pattern: Dan Hill
Boxes Towards Bananas: Dispersal, Intelligence and Animal Structures: Matthew Fuller
Unsettling Topographic Representation: Saskia Sassen
The Urban Culture of Sentient Cities: From an Internet of Things to a Public Sphere of Things: Martijn de Waal

http://www.smartplanet.com/blog/smart-takes/in-a-sentient-city-what-is-public-or-private/16343

Space, Finance, and New Technologies: Kazys Varnelis
Your Mobility for Sale: Trebor Scholz
Comforts, Crisis, and the Rise of DIY Urbanism: Mimi Zeiger

8. Matthew Passmore, “Participatory Urbanism: Taking Action by Taking Space”, SPUR Urbanist, Feb 2010.
10. Clay Shirky, “Cognitive Surplus: Creativity and Generosity in a Connected Age”, Penguin Press, New York 2010.
13. http://www.weeels.org/faq.html#is-it-safe-to-get-into-a-car-with-a-stranger

Toward the Sentient City: Expecting the Extensible and Transmissible City: Anne Galloway
Postscript: Notes on Survival in the Sentient City: Mark Shepard

Exhibition

Blog article

http://www.cityofsound.com/blog/2009/10/toward-the-sentient-city.html

Article:住宅は「器」から「場」のデザインへ　コミュニティーをデザインする

住宅は「器」から「場」のデザインへ　コミュニティーをデザインする

http://www.asahi.com/housing/column/TKY201107080167.html

　住宅は暮らしの器である。小さな器が集まる集合住宅も、郊外の住宅街もまたひとつの暮らしの器と考えることができる。その器の中で、家族や向こう三軒両隣、そして近隣コミュニティーと共に私たちの日々の暮らしは繰り広げられている。その暮らしの器をデザインするのが建築家の仕事なら、その器の中身にもまなざしを向けて人と人をつなぐ仕掛けも同時にデザインしてみてはどうだろう。その試みを僕は「コミュニティーデザイン」（前回コラム参照）と呼んでいる。

　コミュニティーデザインの目的は、２１世紀の現代生活にふさわしい新しいかたちのコミュニティーを創出し、同時にそのコミュニティーを醸成させる新しいかたちの居住空間をデザインすることにある。

　現代日本の住宅は、耐震、防火、高気密・高断熱仕様、設備技術など、確実に進化し続けてきた。でも、その住まいづくりの在り方は、居住空間という「モノ」としての「器」を技術開発し、特に商品化住宅はそれに表層的なデザインをほどこすことだけでしかなかったように思う。いま、居住空間という「モノ」としての「器」をデザインする以上に、居住空間で繰り広げられる「コト」としての暮らしの「場」を積極的にデザインすることが求められている。コミュニティーデザインは、そのひとつの方途だと考えている。

　「器＝モノ」のデザインから「場＝コト」のデザインへ、それは現代日本人の価値観の変化の表れであり、これからの日本の経済・文化の行方をも示唆しているように思う。特に東日本大震災以降、それは顕著になったのではないだろうか。この夏の猛暑の中での様々な節電方法も「場＝コト」のデザインのひとつだし、人と人の関係のよりどころとしてのコミュニティーへの関心の高まりもその表れだろう。

　僕がコミュニティーデザインを本格的に試みたのは「シティア」という大規模マンション（千葉県我孫子市）の設計監修をしたときで、いまから１０年程前のことになる。「シティア」は、住戸総数８５１戸の巨大な板状形式の高層集合住宅で、もはやひとつの街であり、超高密度な立体都市と言ってもいい。大規模マンションは、主に２１世紀になってから登場する日本の新しいかたちの集合住宅である。

The Social Life of Wireless Urban Spaces: Internet Use, Social Networks, and the Public Realm, 2010

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2010.01510.x/abstract

This study explores the role of urban public spaces for democratic and social engagement. It examines the impact of wireless Internet use on urban public spaces, Internet users, and others who inhabit these spaces. Through observations of 7 parks, plazas, and markets in 4 North American cities, and surveys of wireless Internet users in those sites, we explore how this new technology is related to processes of social interaction, privatism, and democratic engagement. Findings reveal that Internet use within public spaces affords interactions with existing acquaintances that are more diverse than those associated with mobile phone use. However, the level of colocated social diversity to which Internet users are exposed is less than that of most users of these spaces. Yet, online activities in public spaces do contribute to broader participation in the public sphere. Internet connectivity within public spaces may contribute to higher overall levels of democratic and social engagement than what is afforded by exposure within similar spaces free of Internet connectivity.

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Tweet from Keith N Hampton(@mysocnet) Internet use in public spaces affords more serendipity and interaction than mobile phone use http://bit.ly/bBPSjj 6/7

November 6, 2010 1:57:50 AM
from TweetDeck
retweeted by @hrheingold

See More: http://twitter.com/mysocnet/status/592639174905856

Category: Urban Sociology