The Art of Placemaking: Interpreting Community through Public Art and Urban Design, Ronald Lee Fleming, 2007

Book Description
ISBN-10: 185894371X | ISBN-13: 978-1858943718 | Publication Date: April 1, 2007
This expertly researched book makes a radical case for accessible public art that fosters a powerful civic experience of connection to place. The author advocates narrative, site-specific public art that engages the popular imagination through common references to history, folklore, culture and geography, and demonstrates how the integration of approachable art with local landscape, architecture and urban design can facilitate identification with locale. Dozens of case studies of spectacular and innovative works throughout the United States are accompanied by practical information, cost and policy analysis, artist interviews, examples of failures and major controversies, and strategies for the future, making this book an essential reference for anyone involved with transforming and improving our public spaces. “The Art of Placemaking” features public art projects since the 1990s, including the integration of public art in urban design, historic interpretation, street furniture, transit-station and roadway-corridor design, mural towns and more, making this title an invaluable resource for artists, architects, urban planners and teachers, as well as non-professionals seeking to bring art into their communities.

4dsocial: Interactive Design Environments, Lucy Bullivant, 2007

http://www.amazon.com/4dsocial-Interactive-Design-Environments-Architectural/dp/0470319119/ref=pd_sim_b_5

Product Description

A new breed of public interactive installations is taking root that overturns the traditional approach to artistic experience. Architects, artists and designers are now creating real-time interactive projects at very different scales and in many different guises. Some dominate public squares or transform a building’s façade – others are more intimate, like wearable computing. All, though, share in common the ability to draw in users to become active participants and co-creators of content, so that the audience becomes part of the project.Investigating further the paradoxes that arise from this new responsive media at a time when communication patterns are in flux, this title features the work of leading designers, such as Electroland, Usman Haque, Shona Kitchen and Ben Hooker, ONL, Realities United Scott Snibbe. While many works critique the narrow public uses of computing to control people and data, others raise questions about public versus private space in urban contexts; all attempt to offer a unique, technologically mediated form of ‘self-learning’ experience, but which are most effective concepts in practice?

Design for Ecological Democracy, Randolph T. Hester, 2006

Introduction

The State of American Habitation
Ecological Democracy
Life, Death and Rebirth of Ecological Democracy
The Marriage of Necessity and Happiness
Design of City and Landscape Together
Enabling, Resilient, and Impelling Form

Enabling Form: “We Got to Know Our Neighbors”
Resilient Form: Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Sustainable Happiness
Impelling Form: “Make a City to Touch the People’s Hearts”

The Glocal Design Process
The Focus is Design
This Book is for Students of Ecological Democracy

Enabling Form: “We got to know our neighbors”

Centeredness

Ten Rules for Good Centers
Sociopetal Places, Forming Open Circles

P32 Social space
P33 Sociopetal space/sociofugal space
P33 Interaction distances
P33 Shaping the community

Places for Community Rituals
Nourishing Centeredness Every Day

Connectedness

Interdependent Adjacencies: What Goes Together and What Doesn’t
Transformation and Communication That Unify

P53 Slow-street neighboring
P53 Fast-street neighboring
P53 Studying precedents like Milan reveals streets that carry large volumes of traffic with multiple modes and also are comfortable for pedestrians.

Chains, Webs, Flows, Networks, Cycles and Recycles
Resource Footprints
Wildlife Habitats
Ecological Thinking
Mutualism and Glocalization
Outside the Confines of the Box
Things That Don’t Go Together but Might
Finding Fish Heads and Tails
The Lost Mountain, the Power Map, and the Dirt Contractor

Fairness

Accessibility

P80 In one particularly innovative approach to increase access to urban resources, Michael Southworth worked with low-income teens in Oakland to identify the places that they wanted to visit but were difficult to reach.

Inclusion

P80 Visual integration/ Visual separation
P81 Lafayette Square Park
P81 2nd paragraph: ..landscape architect Walter Hood was determined not to exclude any users.

Equal Distribution of Resources and Amenities

P83 Changing participatory emphasis

Paying Attention to Design
Mapping Injustices
Fair Landscapes Empower

P87 Arnstein’s ladder in Fruitvale

Sensible Status Seeking
Sacredness

Resilient Form: Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Sustainable Happiness

Particularness
Selective Diversity
Density and Smallness
Limited Extent
Adaptability

Flexible City Form from Natural Process
Landscapes of Adaptability

P257 Because it is above ground, Kyoto’s water-distribution system has always served many additional functions, such as cherry-blossom viewing, nature play and local awareness of hydrological cycles.

Emptiness
Landscape and Building
Priority Framework and Piecemeal Intricacy
Continuous Experiment, Adaptive Management, and Windows of Opportunity
Choice

Impelling Form: “Make a city to touch the people’s hearts”

Everyday Future

Designing for What People Do All Day
Integrating Present Experience with Change
Marking Time
Inspiring Visionary Futures with the Everyday
Everyday Lessons for Designers

P297 Street Performance
P297 Extend the street inside

Naturalness

Naturopathy
Naturism

P306 Tanner Fountain
P307 The Floating Lalu Garden

Naturalization
The Form to Arouse Naturalness
The Natural Park
Naturalness Impels

Inhabiting Science

Urban Ecological Illiteracy
Native Wisdom, Science, and the Language of Ecological Democracy
How Science Is Inhabited
What We Need to Know
Learning from the Urban Landscape
Discovery Landscapes
Cultivating Landscapes
Instructive Landscapes
Scientific Landscapes
Argumentative Landscapes（議論をよぶ）
LA96C

Reciprocal Stewardship

Stewarding and Stewarded
Native Stewardship Meets Freedom to Withdraw from Civic Life
Ecological Necessity and Voluntary Stewardship
Many Places at the Table

!P370 Process

Making Places for Effective Stewardship
The Garden Patch

P381,382 In terms of the goals of ecological democracy, stewardship efforts are most successful when they satisfy multiple purposes and are least successful when they focus on narrow, exclusive purposes.

Active Responsibility

Pacing

Light Speed and Snail’s Pace
Dwelling Pace
Learning to Walk
Slouching toward Obesity at Car Speed（前かがみに歩く、病的肥満、車のスピード？）
Remedial and Preventive Prescriptions
Pathfinders Curb the Car

!Compare drawing in this page297 and Street lighting (most of the case designed for whole street, car has priority)

Living Symphonic Sequences
Metamorphic Walks
Grounded

!P409, Laurie Olin’s attention to the ground plane changes a utilitarian streetscape into an inviting gathering space

Walk All Over

Epilogue

REFS

Enabling form

8.Hester “Place of Participatory Design.”

9.Edward C. Relph,

Place and Placelessness (London: Pion, 1976)
The Modern Urban Landscape(London: Croom Helm, 1987)

from amazon

Over the last fifty years, the process of community building has been lost in the process of city building. City and suburban design divides us from others in our communities, destroys natural habitats, and fails to provide a joyful context for our lives. In Design for Ecological Democracy, Randolph Hester proposes a remedy for our urban anomie. He outlines new principles for urban design that will allow us to forge connections with our fellow citizens and our natural environment. He demonstrates these principles with abundantly illustrated examples—drawn from forty years of design and planning practice—showing how we can design cities that are ecologically resilient, that enhance community, and that give us pleasure.

Hester argues that it is only by combining the powerful forces of ecology and democracy that the needed revolution in design will take place. Democracy bestows freedom; ecology creates responsible freedom by explaining our interconnectedness with all creatures. Hester’s new design principles are founded on three fundamental issues that integrate democracy and ecology: enabling form, resilient form, and impelling form. Urban design must enable us to be communities rather than zoning-segregated enclaves and to function as informed democracies. A simple bench at a centrally located post office, for example, provides an opportunity for connection and shared experience. Cities must be ecologically resilient rather than ecologically imperiled, adaptable to the surrounding ecology rather than dependent on technological fixes. Resilient form turns increased urban density, for example, into an advantage. And cities should impel us by joy rather than compel us by fear; good cities enrich us rather than limit us. Design for Ecological Democracy is essential reading for designers, planners, environmentalists, community activists, and anyone else who wants to improve a local community.

Cities for People, Jan Gehl, 2010

http://www.amazon.com/Cities-People-Jan-Gehl/dp/159726573X/ref=pd_sim_b_1

Foreword and preface

Foreword
Preface

interaction between form and life as a crucial precondition for good architecture

1. The human dimension

1.1 The human dimension

P3 the human dimension -overlooked, neglected, phased out
a question of life and death -for five decades.

1.2 First we shape the cities – then they shape us

P10 case: Copenhagen
P14 case: Melbourne, 1993 to 2004

1.3 The city as meeting place

necessary activities -under all conditions
optional activities -under good conditions

P21 Graphic representation of the connection between outdoor quality and outdoor activities.
P25 The city as meeting place – in an historic perspective
under pressure from the car invasion and modernistic planning ideology.

2. Scenes and scale

2.1 Senses and scale

P32 The basic elements of city architecture are movement space and experience space. The street reflects the linear movement pattern of feet and the square represents the area the eye can take in.
P43 Human scale vs Car scale. 5km/h architecture and 60km/h architecture
P44 Photos

2.2 Senses and communication

P52 Warm, intense contacts between people take place at short distances.

small in scale means exciting, intense and “warm” cities
large spaces and large buildings signal an impersonal, formal and cool urban environment

2.3 The shattered scale

P58 Lack of understanding and respecting the human scale impacts on the great majority of new cities and built-up areas. Buildings and city spaces grow increasingly larger but the people who are expected to use them are as always -small.

3. The lively, safe, sustainable, and healthy city

3.1 The lively city

P62 Life in the city is a relative concept. It is not the number of people that counts but the feeling that the place is populated and being used (local streets in Brazil and the Netherlands and a city street in Flashing, NY)

City life as process

P64 Life in the city is a self-reinforcing process. Something happens because something happens because something happens.

Once a children’s game gets going, it can quickly attract more participants.
Corresponding process are at work with adult activities.
People come where people are.

P66 New residential areas are sparsely populated. A century ago seven times more people lived in the same amount of space.
It is important to assemble people and events. However, too many and too large outdoor spaces are typically provided for new residential areas. The process that encourage city life never have a chance to get started.

Dense city – lively city?
How many and how long: quality and quantity

P72 A study of outdoor activities in 12 Canadian residential streets
lengthy stays mean lively cities.

Soft edges -lively cities

Where city and building meet
edges that define space
edges as exchange zone
edges as staying zone

soft edges -and hard
seven times more city life in front of active facades.

P81 closed ground-floor facades -lifeless cities
P83 69% took place in or around the semiprivate front yards

The remaining 31% of the activities took place in the streets.

Lively city -process, time, numbers and invitation

3.2 The safe city

The safe city
Safety and traffic
Safety and security

P97 safe city – open city
The Death and Life of Great American Cities> importance of safety in the streets. Her expressions ‘street watchers‘ and ‘eyes on the street‘ have since become integral to city planning terminology.
safety and society
The light from building along city streets can make a significant contribution to the feeling of security when darkness falls
life in the city means safer cities – and safe cities provide more life
soft edges mean safer cities

3.3 The sustainable city
3.4 The healthy city

P112 Exercise by choice

Providing opportunities for exercise and self-expression is a logical and valuable answer to the new challenges.
Exercise as a cause,a choice and a business opportunity
Exercise as natural part of daily life

P115 City life, safety, sustainability and health as an integrated city policy!

4. The city at eye level

4.1 The battle for quality is on the small scale
4.2 Good cities for walking
4.3 Good cities for staying

P136 Edge effect
Good and bad places to sit
P145 Movable chairs

4.4 Good cities for meeting
4.5 Self-expression, play, and exercise

The city as playground

More energy and creativity
in good shape(of body)
have: indoor life -wanted:fresh air and exercise
Good cities have built-in opportunities for play and self-expression. Simple solutions are often the most convincing.

P160 Fixed, flexible and fleeting

Fixed: Space, furniture and set up.
Flexible: Special, often seasonal activities
Fleeting: Short term but important activities

4.6 Good places, fine scale
4.7 Good weather at eye level, please
4.8 Beautiful cities, good experiences

P176 concern for visual quality must include all urban elements
P177 The interplay between functional and spatial qualities has been convincingly treated in Piazza del Campo in Siena, Italy, one of the reasons the square has served as a meeting place for 700 years.
P178 aesthetic quality -for all senses
P180 Lighting is the focus of conscious artistic treatment in many cities. Pioneering efforts were made in Lyon in the years after 1990.

4.9 Good cities for bicycling

5. Life, space, buildings -in that order

5.1 The Brazilia Syndrome
5.2 Life, space, buildings – in that order

P208 Ponpidou Center/Guggenheim Bilbao VS Melbourne Museum in Federation Square/ Opera house Oslo for urban mountain climbing.
P209 making life in the cities visible.

6. Developing cities

6.1 Developing cities
6.2 The human dimension – a universal starting point

7. Toolbox

Planning principles: to assemble or disperse
Four traffic planning principles
To invite or repel -seeing and hearing contacts
The city at eye level:

12 quality idea
designing the ground floor

Reordering priorities, please

Appendix

Notes
Bibliography
Illustrations and photos
Index

From Publishers Weekly

Starred Review. In this fascinating look inside the key architectural factors that determine a city’s livability, award-winning Danish architect and author Gehl (Public Spaces, Public Life) examines the factors he deems essential to a successful city. Not surprisingly, places designed without good room for safe walking and biking lead to a sedentary life “behind steering wheel and computer screen.” A “lively” city, on the other hand, “counters the trend for people to withdraw into gated communities… serving a democratic function where people encounter social diversity.” It’s in examining architecture’s psychological effects that Gehl truly shines; public spaces without comfortable seating and properly-scaled “talkscapes” evoking Italian piazzas enact a high human toll and greatly impact how the city functions at eye-level. Soaring, dehumanizing architecture has a diminishing effect on the individual, creating a shocking “high-rise” in crime rates. Even those without a professional interest in architecture will be fascinated by the assertions, like “slow traffic means lively cities,” that Gehl makes. Coming to the conclusion that “a good city is like a good party: guests stay because they are enjoying themselves,” Gehl keeps his latest effort engaging from start to finish. Illus. (Sept.)
(c) Copyright PWxyz, LLC. All rights reserved.

Review

“This book elaborates on many of Gehl’s seminal ideas, examines some of the world’s cities that have successfully improved over the last few decades, and states the challenges for the future. Many generations will lead happier lives and cities will be more competitive if their leaders heed his advice.”

(Enrique Pe�alosa former Mayor of Bogot�, Colombia 20100426)

“Jan Gehl continues to astonish us with his insight into what really makes cities work. He has a global reach in this book based on work he has done in Europe, Australia, and America with comparative data on how pedestrians use public spaces. The deep appeal is how quickly he has been able to assist some cities in turning their traffic-riddled streets into havens for people.”

(Peter Newman Professor of Sustainability, Curtin University, Australia )

“Jan Gehl’s new manifesto…Pages will be dog-eared, margins annotated… accessibly deployed framework of research and a logical, lucid framework for all the telling details and surprising data. The book organizes a set of observations that will strike some readers as obvious, others as radical, but practically all as convincing, revealing how deeply grounded Gehl”s system is in common sense. This kind of synthesis is no small task, and Gehl performs it with aplomb.”

(ArchNewsNow )

“If Cities for People is widely read and widely applied, the world’s urban life will be immeasurably better.”

(New Urban News )

“Fascinating guide on how to create cities that local residents fall in love with, rather than simply put up with.”

(Shareable: Cities )

“Jan Gehl’s most recent book – Cities for People – brought with it a lot of excitement and expectations. With a track record like his, however, it comes as no surprise that Gehl’s strong perspective, clear prose and rigorous research is not a disappointment. Continuing his quest to secure the importance of the human experience as a top priority when planning and designing cities, Cities for People is a succinct collection of his experience and lessons to-date.”

“Ultimately, Cities for People is one of those books that everybody – no matter what level you are in the industry – is bound to learn from. Clear and accessible, it’s a must-read for students and early practitioners of planning, architecture, and landscape design, as well as anybody interested creating humane pedestrian cities. If one hasn’t read any of Gehl’s previous books, this is also a great place to start.”

(Re:place )

“Jan Gehl is our greatest observer of urban quality and an indispensable philosopher of cities as solutions to the environmental and health crises that we face. With over half the world’s population now in urban areas, the entire planet needs to learn the lessons he offers in Cities for People.”

(Janette Sadik-Khan Commissioner of the New York City Department of Transportation )

The Creative City: A Toolkit for Urban Innovators, Charles Landry, (2nd ed. 2008)

Charles Landry’s page

From Charles Landry’s page on Wikipedia

He contrasts the urban engineering approach to cities with creative city making. In the former there is a focus on the physical infrastructure or the hardware of the city, in the latter equal attention is paid to both hardware and software issues. Software is the human dynamics of a place, its connections and relationships as well as atmosphere.

http://www.amazon.com/Creative-City-Toolkit-Urban-Innovators/dp/1844075990/ref=ntt_at_ep_dpt_2

Introduction to 2nd Edition The Creative City: Its Origins and Futures

The Original Idea
From Urban Engineering to Creative City-making
Creativity as a Currency
Creativities: Individual, Organizational and City-wide
The Need for Creativity
The Power of Cultural Resources
The Changing Planning Paradigm
People as Assets

Making the best of urban assets

Leadership: The Asset of Assets
The Creative Class
The Creative Economy
Clustering and Creative Quarters
Activating Creative Assets
Orchestrating Soft Assets

Iconics
Design consciousness/awareness xliii
Eco-awareness
Art and artistic thinking
Atmospherics and experience
Associational richness and resonance creation
Cultural depth
Networking capacity
Communication and language skills

The Balances Urban Scorecard
Where Next?

Part One: Urban Groundshifts

1 Rediscovering Urban Creativity

Why are some cities successful?
Culture moving centre stage
The varieties of creativity

2 Urban Problems, Creative Solutions

The contemporary city
Fault-lines in urbanism

3 The New Thinking

Innovative thinking for changing cities
Imagine a city

Part Two: The Dynamics of Urban Creativity

4 Creative Urban Transformations

Embedding a culture of creativity in a smaller city: The Creative Town Initiative.
Helsinki: Uncovering a hidden resource
Innovation in a non-innovative setting: Emscher Park
Seeding innovation: The Urban Pilot Programme

5 Foundations of the Creative City

Embedding creativity into the genetic code: The preconditions
Personal qualities
Will and leadership
Human diversity and access to varied talent: Mixing people
Organizational culture
Fostering strong local identity
Urban spaces and facilities: pp119
Networking and associative structures

6 The Creative Milieu

Origins of interest
What is a creative milieu
Harnessing the triggers of creativity pp142
Conclusion

Part Three: A Conceptual Toolkit of Urban Creativity

7 Getting Creative Planning Started

What is a conceptual toolkit?
The Creative City strategy method
Culture and creativity
Getting the ideas factory going: Creative tools and techniques
Civic creativity

8 Rediscovering Urban Creativity

The urban innovations matrix
Lifecycle thinking

pp206 Table8.1 Economic regeneration

Good practice: Refurbishment of industrial buildings

for multipurpose uses from offices, to arts centres or exhibition spaces to housing, 1980s onwards

pp207 Table 8.2 Environment
pp209 Table 8.4 Evaluation

Urban R&D

9 Assessing and Sustaining the Creative Process

The cycle of urban creativity
The Creative City Development Scale
New indicators for creative cities
Urbanism and urban literacy

Part Four: The Creative City and Beyond

10 The Creative City and Beyond

Contours of the next wave of creativity and innovation
Towards the Learning City
From planning to urban strategy making

The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces, William H. Whyte, 2001(reprint of 1980)

http://www.amazon.com/Social-Life-Small-Urban-Spaces/dp/097063241X/ref=pd_sim_b_4

Chapter 1: The Life of Plazas

Chapter 2: Sitting Space

Chapter 3: Sun, Wind, Trees, Water

Chapter 4: Food

Chapter 5: The Street

Chapter 6: The “Undesirables”

Chapter 7: Effective Capacity

Chapter 8: Indoor Spaces

Chapter 9: Concourses and Megastructures

Chapter 10: Smaller Cities and Places

Chapter 11: Triangulation

Appendix A: Time-Lapse Filming

Appendix B: Digest of Open-Space Zoning Provisions, New York City

Product Description

In 1980, William H. Whyte published the findings from his revolutionary Street Life Project in The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces. Both the book and the accompanying film were instantly labeled classics, and launched a mini-revolution in the planning and study of public spaces. They have since become standard texts, and appear on syllabi and reading lists in urban planning, sociology, environmental design, and architecture departments around the world.Project for Public Spaces, which grew out of Holly’s Street Life Project and continues his work around the world, has acquired the reprint rights to Social Life, with the intent of making it available to the widest possible audience and ensuring that the Whyte family receive their fair share of Holly’s legacy.

About the Author

William H. Whyte was born in West Chester, Pennsylvania in 1917. He joined the staff of Fortune in 1946, after graduating from Princeton University and serving in the Marine Corps. His book The Organization Man (1956), based on his articles about corporate culture and the suburban middle class, sold more than two million copies. Whyte then turned to the topics of sprawl and urban revitalization, and began a distinguished career as a sage of sane development and an advocate of cities. Along with numerous articles and studies, Whyte edited and co-wrote The Exploding Metropolis (1957), and authored Cluster Development (1964), The Last Landscape (1968), The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces (1980), City: Rediscovering the Center (1988), and A Time of War: Remembering Guadalcanal, a Battle Without Maps (2000). He died in 1999.

The Death and Life of Great American Cities, Jane Jacobs, (first published in 1961)

http://www.amazon.com/Death-Life-Great-American-Cities/dp/067974195X/ref=pd_bxgy_b_text_b

From Wikipedia

The Death and Life of Great American Cities, by Jane Jacobs, is a greatly influential book on the subject of urban planning in the 20th century. First published in 1961, the book is a critique of modernist planning policies claimed by Jacobs to be destroying many existing inner-city communities. Reserving her most vitriolic criticism for the “rationalist” planners (specifically Robert Moses) of the 1950s and 1960s, Jacobs argued that modernist urban planning rejects the city, because it rejects human beings living in a community characterized by layered complexity and seeming chaos. The modernist planners used deductive reasoning to find principles by which to plan cities. Among these policies the most violent was urban renewal; the most prevalent was and is the separation of uses (i.e. residential, industrial, commercial). These policies, she claimed, destroy communities and innovative economies by creating isolated, unnatural urban spaces. Read more – Shopping-Enabled Wikipedia on Amazon

In the article: Bibliography

Review

“The most refreshing, provacative, stimulating and exciting study of this [great problem] which I have seen. It fairly crackles with bright honesty and common sense.”—Harrison Salisbury, The New York Times”One of the most remarkable books ever written about the city… a primary work. The research apparatus is not pretentious—it is the eye and the heart—but it has given us a magnificent study of what gives life and spirit to the city.”—William H. Whyte, author of The Organization Man

The image of the city, Kevin Lynch, 1960

about Kevin Lynch

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_A._Lynch

Review by UCSB

http://www.csiss.org/classics/content/62

Short film

http://youtu.be/iuWPCNIj_rA

I: The Image of the Environment

Legibility
Building the image
Structure and Identity
Imageability

II: Three Cities

Boston
Jersey City
Los Angeles
Common Themes

III: The City Image and Its Elements

Paths
Edges
Districts
Nodes
Landmarks
Element Interrelations
The Shifting Image
Image Quality

IV: City Form

Designing the Paths
Design of Other Elements
From Qualities
The Sense of the Whole
Metropolitan Form
The Process of Design

V: A New Scale

Appendices

A: Some References to Orientation

Types of Reference Systems
Formation of the Image
The Role of Form
Disadvantages of Imageability

B: The Use of the Method

The Method as the Basis for Design
Directions for Future Research

C: Two Examples of Analysis

Beacon Hill
Scollay Square

Bibliography

Tribute in Light, Municipal Art Society and Creative Time of NYC, 2002-present

http://mas.org/programs/tributeinlight/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribute_in_Light

Tribute in Light was first presented on March 11, 2002, six months after the attacks, and MAS has presented it annually since. Comprising eighty-eight 7,000-watt xenon light bulbs positioned into two 48-foot squares that echo the shape and orientation of the Twin Towers, Tribute in Light is assembled each year on a roof near the World Trade Center site. The illuminated memorial reaches 4 miles into the sky and is the strongest shaft of light ever projected from earth into the night sky. See this list of great Viewing Locations.

It was independently conceived by several artists and designers who were brought together under the auspices of MAS and Creative Time. Tribute was designed by John Bennett, Gustavo Bonevardi, Richard Nash Gould, Julian Laverdiere and Paul Myoda with lighting consultant Paul Marantz. It was originally made possible by a grant from the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation and with the generous assistance of Con Edison.

See and listen to the origins of Tribute in Light and how it is produced annually on September 11.

Category: Community

The Art of Placemaking: Interpreting Community through Public Art and Urban Design, Ronald Lee Fleming, 2007

4dsocial: Interactive Design Environments, Lucy Bullivant, 2007

Product Description

Design for Ecological Democracy, Randolph T. Hester, 2006

Introduction

Enabling Form: “We got to know our neighbors”

Resilient Form: Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Sustainable Happiness

Impelling Form: “Make a city to touch the people’s hearts”

Epilogue

REFS

The Creative City: A Toolkit for Urban Innovators, Charles Landry, (2nd ed. 2008)

The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces, William H. Whyte, 2001(reprint of 1980)

Product Description

About the Author

The Death and Life of Great American Cities, Jane Jacobs, (first published in 1961)

From Wikipedia

Review

The image of the city, Kevin Lynch, 1960

Contents

Appendices